Functions variably affected

All parts of the brain are not affected by aging equally. Each lobe is responsible for particular functions, which explains why certain cognitive processes are impacted to a greater extent by aging than others.
Declines in a range of cognitive abilities, including processing speed, episodic memory, spatial ability and reasoning have all been found to be associated with normal ageing.

Research suggests that the cognitive functions most affected by age are attention and memory.

The majority of evidence implies that it is impairment of working memory and/or executive function that is the key contributor to age-related declines.